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如何20分钟做出科研报告?

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正参考的20分钟科学报告提纲:
( h/ v+ O! a  n    1. Title/author/affiliation (1 slide)
8 S/ N+ u7 R) c) G' [    2. Forecast (1 slide): Give gist of problem attacked and insight found (What is the one idea you want people to leave with? This is the "abstract" of an oral presentation.)7 U: D" ~3 P( v. Q% e* ]& C
    3. Outline (1 slide): Give talk structure. Some speakers prefer to put this at the bottom of their title slide. (Audiences like predictability.)
3 T2 z& p( S  B0 G# F/ `    4. Background
; K5 Y0 @& ~; o        4-1. Motivation and Problem Statement (1-2 slides):(Why should anyone care? Most researchers overestimate how much the audience knows about the problem they are attacking.)
9 @7 Y' \. H, i2 [# ?        4-2. Related Work (0-1 slides): Cover superficially or omit; refer people to your paper.0 w- G! g$ F& ^* ?
        4-3. Methods (1 slide): Cover quickly in short talks; refer people to your paper.
7 T7 X  l) X3 g; }0 i* g9 G" k    5. Results (4-6 slides): Present key results and key insights. This is main body of the talk. Its internal structure varies greatly as a function of the researcher's contribution. (Do not superficially cover all results; cover key result well. Do not just present numbers; interpret them to give insights. Do not put up large tables of numbers.)4 r( e% @7 i- ~
    6. Summary (1 slide)( t# Y3 ]' |( G0 [6 n" [
    7. Future Work (0-1 slides):Optionally give problems this research opens up.# e/ B2 Q; W! E' i+ {
    8. Backup Slides (0-3 slides): Optionally have a few slides ready (not counted in your talk total) to answer expected questions. (Likely question areas: ideas glossed over, shortcomings of methods or results, and future work.)
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简洁版:
    1. Title/author/affiliation (1 slide)
- O  }- U/ K7 N4 [4 m0 H1 w    2. Motivation (1 slide)
0 L& S) z5 C- Y4 F+ A! |; G; m6 G    3. Background (1 slide)
5 s6 Z% r( w0 s3 ]    4. Hypothesis (1 slide)+ B8 A0 {1 v5 x
    5. Results (8 slides)4 Z8 v$ O% V3 [, P: d4 V- O
    6. Conclusion (1 slide)$ X5 S$ d  M; d  I* ^. ~) e5 o
    7. Future Work (1 slide)
4 U$ o$ d! g4 n8 W2 S2 i  X    8. Acknowledgements (1slide)6 {0 G2 u7 z5 U( k2 }+ d1 M
    9. Backup Slides$ O  {, J" ~' B* A
" u* N' u% V, Q7 k. J! Y
举个例子:
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. v+ p8 T2 h$ c(1)原则" Q8 ]) s$ [' N# h: ]
首先,引用 A PhD is not enough 中的话:
0 |' u8 `, F( F& i5 A- V. bAs the speaker you are putting on a one-man show. Your listeners are investigating an hour of their valuable time... They expect to hear a good story, with a beginning, a middle and an end...5 @- l3 i# n5 p6 O. r- `! @
... Never over-estimate your audience...
7 @, z  L, _- }; _: t, k是的,要讲一个“故事”,因为大家都喜欢听故事,无厘头在这里就不靠谱了。而且要尽量讲得简单易懂,化繁为简,林老师也说“如果学术报告能够让老妈也能听懂,就是成功”(据说是 Don Forsyth 的名言)。! C" Q4 _4 b' N" K. K

' e8 L2 Q8 J$ O+ K. F- d( y) C(2)结构( m7 V- P$ S' s4 p: ~
我之前分享了一份20分钟科学演讲的提纲:! W3 r9 s  ~) |& R& e$ b, d/ \
http://www.joyocean.org/viewthread.php?tid=1789&extra=page%3D1- `, J% e  f- A2 {0 n+ M) C5 r
以“讲故事”为目标,修改后的最终版本PPT的结构变成了:. w1 J$ ~* M- j8 }/ n" t0 u2 r7 W/ H* B
    1. Title/author/affiliation (1 slide)
+ G  _5 v5 G9 L1 G4 c    2. Motivation (1 slide)
+ N' ~; L0 t0 _    3. Background (1 slide)3 Y) _' E" k/ D2 o
    4. Hypothesis (1 slide)
& ]2 S+ {! P" o6 J3 B8 J    5. Results (8 slides), ]% ^" k+ A7 @1 P, B( C/ V
    6. Conclusion (1 slide)
8 z8 B1 w8 e8 e! E    7. Future Work (1 slide)" D9 N3 {0 ^. G& `7 x# R) b) J
    8. Acknowledgements (1slide)3 Y7 r3 k3 P+ v. a; ]' z
    9. Backup Slides
, W9 W' b" B! p/ h" \2 F6 L! ]) }+ M5 S0 V, F& h) f
几点我觉得比较重要的改变包括:- \; z6 C9 w9 ?# W5 A
a. 删除 Forcast & Outline,这是为了更快的进入“故事”;其实所有与故事无关的都应当删去。
9 R* }+ i0 L3 yb. 缩减 Background,删减后的这个部分只有一张slide,只包括“故事”中必须要用到的概念。
; v1 S7 z  H- N) oc. 增加 Hypothesis,这个部分有点像文章的 Introduction,与最后的Conclusion对应,介绍这个研究的科学问题。* Z5 I) U" M7 \% n2 ], |" P
d. 加大 Results 的份额,这个就不用多说了吧。“讲故事”就在这里。当然了,我发现真正在准备的时候还是很费时的,因为要注意顺序问题,怎样能一张一张有逻辑的将故事说圆了,让大家都没有疑惑。
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2 j5 |: x, h. p2 O9 V7 N( _# {) y(3)讲故事1 C; w8 `6 C' H! {
也就是 Results 部分,也是报告真正的核心内容。与写文章不同的是,因为时间限制,细节问题不需要讨论;这样才能将重要的内容凸显出来。图多字少不用公式也是给短报告的一个原则。# n! P' Z* l% `' `1 U4 N  l' F
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(4)风格9 Q) S% z( N. q
我的第一个版本的每一张 Slide 都包括了进度条和姓名时间,后来在林老师的建议下删掉了。这是因为要“努力使听众集中注意力听故事”。
+ m: A+ h) I( c' H4 o2 Z, }同样,制作 PPT 还有很多细节问题,有些关乎个人风格。目标当然是要显得“Professional”了。下面是林老师在帮我修改 PPT 时的一些建议,在这里与大家分享一下:+ ?# I6 s  H- B4 E  a* q8 z
a. 字体: Aria narrow.6 g8 ~7 a+ T5 G6 S/ k3 A4 s
   
字体大小: title 32, subtitle 28 etc., not smaller than 18
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b.深色底色加上浅色(比如白&黄色)的字' p; d+ H, \, O) V: [0 y* S
c. 不要过分展示别人的结果,专注于讲自己的故事: l0 H& t7 D4 S) [) Q& l
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(5)画图6 J; K! l3 D; N. @
因为图片在报告的重要性,PPT 中的每一张图都要重新画过,推荐用 png 格式。我用 AI 将 pdf 转成 png 格式,同时要注意分辨率,字体大小的问题。下面链接是个很详细的说明:, h: b+ s; e  L; Q" b, y% j$ ?, L' v
www.52ocean.cn) U1 _6 K5 V9 D, A2 w8 B6 _

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活跃在2026-1-19
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