6 B3 v% U* L" x+ u- C9 i很久以来,牡蛎作为当地居民、游客和全球市场喜爱的食物,在沿海地区的经济中扮演着重要的角色。同时,大量牡蛎聚集生长所形成的生物性结构称为牡蛎礁,是一种重要的海岸带栖息地,能够带来多重生态效益。然而,过去的一百年里,在全球范围内,因过度捕捞、水体污染、海岸带开发和病害等原因,牡蛎礁栖息地,已退化消失了85%(Beck et al., 2011)。
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" ]) a1 E( k- ^在有些地方,牡蛎礁能够起到防波堤的作用,作为天然屏障抵御海浪冲击和海平面上升带来的影响——尤其是在气候持续变化的情况下。© Jerod Foster
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牡蛎通过滤食活动可以减少水体中的悬浮微粒和多余营养物,提高水体清澈度;除了净化水体外,牡蛎礁的三维结构不仅能够为众多的海洋生物提供栖身之所、增殖渔业资源;当飓风、台风等灾害袭来时,它还能够有效减轻海浪对于海岸带的冲击,减少岸线侵蚀。而牡蛎礁栖息地的保护和修复是个长期的系统性工程,需要充分调动各方力量,从政策、科研、资金和社会参与等方面积极行动。# _5 ~& b+ W# ]. X+ r% Y: M
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为扭转牡蛎礁的退化趋势,全球多个地区的海洋保护工作者、科研人员和多方社会力量开展了大量的修复研究与实践行动。大自然保护协会(TNC)作为其中一员,在牡蛎礁保护和修复领域进行了20多年的工作。目前,TNC正与合作伙伴在北美、欧洲及亚太地区(包括中国)修复牡蛎礁,恢复它所带来的生态、社会与经济效益。从小规模的修复研究与实践、到海湾河口的大规模修复规划与实施,都取得了良好的修复成效。目前,TNC在全球参与实施的牡蛎礁修复项目已有200多个。
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: |' S, F( z- {& J( O9 W; q4 Y, [Consider The Oyster by Bill Rodney音频:00:0004:04; P; N" Q( O- |1 Y: c& D5 l
《关心关心牡蛎吧》是为了赞美牡蛎守护海洋健康而作的歌曲,歌中唱到牡蛎在净化水体、形成栖息地和抵御风暴的厉害之处,并指出:“它们可不只是顿饭这么简单”。3 q' } Y0 y+ C+ U! X4 L$ l
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! [) Q7 `# @0 L" D+ B6 TMUSIC AND LYRICS BY BILL RODNEY WITH YANIV BRENNER ON PIANO AND ORGAN & C# w9 D& ?9 l% \; Q& K. y
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Consider the humble oyster living on the muddy bottom of the bay" o/ P- u4 i- i1 g
Why it’s just a rock that’s filled with snot, I heard somebody say, }9 p: Y5 E2 _1 d1 K7 c$ a8 K9 B
But did you know that just one oyster can filter 50 gallons of water in one day?0 O/ P0 A, W- z/ o' |4 t
Now imagine 10 million oysters on a reef, whoa that blows my mind away
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0 m* N9 d7 i8 b, W6 k5 |" f! \8 ?+ lVerse 2:
9 K" X+ `. z' U% f9 \) jWhen oysters filter water you know, they strain the small stuff out* \* A8 r: V# w' y+ W0 R' V
Nutritious, delicious phytoplankton baby, that’s what it's all about
4 d' u( Q& y* N" O6 O8 \ xBut of all the stuff they filter, only some is gonna make it to their mouth2 ^% X9 B6 R- N1 R+ G
The rest gets wrapped in a mucous ball and pseudo-spitted out9 z4 h$ {% Q8 p, S8 b- z
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" j' D8 m( K" t* H* rOysters – they’re filtering machines) d3 z; N" _( a, _ T* |
Oysters – they'll keep the water clean
6 |9 a/ x: b5 I: v% M1 tOysters – they’re habitat producers% w* I# ?# w8 b1 E7 v
Oysters – wave energy reducers
5 U! n8 ~8 ]6 w4 POysters, oysters, oysters…they’re not just for breakfast anymore
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! o. |& o$ i; G/ u8 S7 S5 BAnd another thing about oysters, they build these gnarly reefs' s, y" C3 y9 A0 v$ p" I
That are home to crabs and shrimps and things, that Mr. Redfish likes to eat
1 k1 v6 j- Q7 ?: x. {9 f( }Yeah that’s his destination when he's looking to obtain a tasty treat" J# {* y3 W$ S8 Z7 \
And that stimulates production in the fishes, yeah I think that’s pretty neat' q6 p! \3 ]8 [
6 R( A" l+ ?, W! NVerse 4:9 w( u _2 n) D; {" C" o1 f
When oysters build their gnarly reefs in skinny waters near the marshy shore
" G# y M% X, ]5 r2 p4 qThis creates an opportunity for the oyster to contribute even more
3 y. g- e+ c2 k d' jThey attenuate wave energy when the winds blow hard and make the white caps roar! C9 C! O2 C! X3 h; z C+ g4 j% P; c8 \
The rugose reefs reduce erosive forces, yeah baby that’s a score
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% [. D' s" K; l; e) N1 nOysters – they’re filtering machines
1 _( x _! T' o6 v0 i: ]Oysters – help keep the water clean
+ h! }) u9 F! k o WOysters – they’re habitat producers# K& l `* j F- P
Oysters – wave energy reducers
$ n; Y! r5 y% x9 r; i9 oOysters, oysters, oysters…the best come from Texas, don’t’ mess with the rest cause, they’re not just for breakfast anymore
9 C5 i; ~3 c! [) h' h% z! ^7 H# v牡蛎礁,这一种令人惊叹的栖息地,不仅在海岸带生态系统中发挥着不可或缺的支撑作用,同时也可以作为基于自然的解决方案(Nature-based Solutions,NbS),例如配合海堤等灰色基础设施构成生态岸线,抵御风暴灾害的同时也为社区居民亲近自然、了解海洋提供重要渠道。我们相信,未来在大家的共同努力下,牡蛎礁将重新生机勃勃!
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世界海洋日
4 u& ?& u# j' U海洋覆盖了地球70%以上的面积。海洋是我们的生命之源,人类以及地球上其他所有生命都依赖于海洋。海洋产生了地球上至少50%的氧气,是地球上大多数生物多样性的家园,全球超过10亿人口摄入的蛋白质也主要来源于海洋。然而,我们的海洋正处于危机之中,受到海洋垃圾、过度捕捞、气候变化等因素的威胁。2022年世界海洋日的全球主题是“振兴海洋 集体行动”(Revitalization: Collective Action for the Ocean)。我们需要为子孙后代保护好美妙的海洋资源。
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' e( \% z9 o6 a: p5 q' J查看原文:www.52ocean.cn |