正参考的20分钟科学报告提纲:" U- G- U$ R# v+ x2 k" `/ N' y
1. Title/author/affiliation (1 slide)1 p q& \9 K( M/ ^, _$ ?
2. Forecast (1 slide): Give gist of problem attacked and insight found (What is the one idea you want people to leave with? This is the "abstract" of an oral presentation.)
; n) o2 ]. ~6 _) B6 M3 L 3. Outline (1 slide): Give talk structure. Some speakers prefer to put this at the bottom of their title slide. (Audiences like predictability.)
Y _5 i8 r3 A2 E. X* M1 p 4. Background" k$ B; U3 Y( b8 s4 o) P" M
4-1. Motivation and Problem Statement (1-2 slides):(Why should anyone care? Most researchers overestimate how much the audience knows about the problem they are attacking.)
3 v* {, V; |* h# y 4-2. Related Work (0-1 slides): Cover superficially or omit; refer people to your paper.
4 ^ p& Y8 r3 \; \ B- N 4-3. Methods (1 slide): Cover quickly in short talks; refer people to your paper.
' o9 S% v7 H. r; I- h4 j+ \# d 5. Results (4-6 slides): Present key results and key insights. This is main body of the talk. Its internal structure varies greatly as a function of the researcher's contribution. (Do not superficially cover all results; cover key result well. Do not just present numbers; interpret them to give insights. Do not put up large tables of numbers.)
: X9 m( X& H' d Q 6. Summary (1 slide)
) T9 }3 I5 B4 d! R/ n' q; | 7. Future Work (0-1 slides):Optionally give problems this research opens up.
6 L$ w) m. b9 t; w 8. Backup Slides (0-3 slides): Optionally have a few slides ready (not counted in your talk total) to answer expected questions. (Likely question areas: ideas glossed over, shortcomings of methods or results, and future work.); @4 x4 b7 y; ?* [! U
. X! M# l5 l/ L* D7 \" |简洁版: 1. Title/author/affiliation (1 slide)% [+ }3 _) |2 F! `0 V; n g. u
2. Motivation (1 slide)
5 o0 }3 ]0 e$ I5 G6 W' z 3. Background (1 slide)6 V$ y8 }) }9 X" Z
4. Hypothesis (1 slide)! |, c% \' {3 T3 `$ n' `) o2 a
5. Results (8 slides)
4 R! G8 u u8 n5 u 6. Conclusion (1 slide)6 g0 _" w' M, L: a1 Q1 L% U5 y9 E
7. Future Work (1 slide)/ h) r/ T* X% G+ x8 I D8 ^+ q( p
8. Acknowledgements (1slide)- r+ V; Z. f, J3 s5 ?& d- a% E5 a
9. Backup Slides
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举个例子:
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(1)原则% H% j* j% _! d" \+ D" R4 c
首先,引用 A PhD is not enough 中的话:& X3 |+ T5 H. O: ^& \
As the speaker you are putting on a one-man show. Your listeners are investigating an hour of their valuable time... They expect to hear a good story, with a beginning, a middle and an end...: {! O- _8 ~# \5 [# N( O' x
... Never over-estimate your audience...
, U0 S! X# P/ m* e( w6 {0 l是的,要讲一个“故事”,因为大家都喜欢听故事,无厘头在这里就不靠谱了。而且要尽量讲得简单易懂,化繁为简,林老师也说“如果学术报告能够让老妈也能听懂,就是成功”(据说是 Don Forsyth 的名言)。7 U0 L! _4 ~; ]' f
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(2)结构
" r% W V! b; T, F7 ?3 V我之前分享了一份20分钟科学演讲的提纲:( q0 F4 z q6 S" _
http://www.joyocean.org/viewthread.php?tid=1789&extra=page%3D13 n3 C/ S9 u, V$ \
以“讲故事”为目标,修改后的最终版本PPT的结构变成了:
2 ]1 S! d2 b/ A# h7 b) i: T 1. Title/author/affiliation (1 slide)0 g; N7 c' { n
2. Motivation (1 slide): q5 V1 G" k& ?4 y9 y6 o6 `4 z
3. Background (1 slide)% R6 }9 ~% R2 q4 q, d U
4. Hypothesis (1 slide)/ x0 ^2 P7 I7 \/ K2 j0 l4 z# T* O0 X
5. Results (8 slides)
- D O9 ]- l$ K8 S) u- c, ~ 6. Conclusion (1 slide)/ ?! O2 b/ a% Q
7. Future Work (1 slide)) R3 N; Y7 ? q! d
8. Acknowledgements (1slide)% f3 ^- t# ]( d+ s6 R' l6 T
9. Backup Slides% r% L& n, O4 z, v
, Q& \) `! i2 H6 d, C几点我觉得比较重要的改变包括:$ B5 x7 G4 i E" ^/ a/ w+ o+ J
a. 删除 Forcast & Outline,这是为了更快的进入“故事”;其实所有与故事无关的都应当删去。6 H- _8 [/ P& W- M; X7 r: M
b. 缩减 Background,删减后的这个部分只有一张slide,只包括“故事”中必须要用到的概念。9 z" T8 z: k' e# k7 |8 c
c. 增加 Hypothesis,这个部分有点像文章的 Introduction,与最后的Conclusion对应,介绍这个研究的科学问题。
- b: H9 ?/ B- F# [+ H/ B. Od. 加大 Results 的份额,这个就不用多说了吧。“讲故事”就在这里。当然了,我发现真正在准备的时候还是很费时的,因为要注意顺序问题,怎样能一张一张有逻辑的将故事说圆了,让大家都没有疑惑。/ L% j$ M. s/ [( L
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(3)讲故事
* G1 n: K5 }3 \$ }也就是 Results 部分,也是报告真正的核心内容。与写文章不同的是,因为时间限制,细节问题不需要讨论;这样才能将重要的内容凸显出来。图多字少不用公式也是给短报告的一个原则。
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9 |. @ J5 f: `7 V; q' q(4)风格
3 I0 F. }# R, u; q0 N X我的第一个版本的每一张 Slide 都包括了进度条和姓名时间,后来在林老师的建议下删掉了。这是因为要“努力使听众集中注意力听故事”。+ Q# f4 q1 L/ a' o7 x* q
同样,制作 PPT 还有很多细节问题,有些关乎个人风格。目标当然是要显得“Professional”了。下面是林老师在帮我修改 PPT 时的一些建议,在这里与大家分享一下:
) f! r0 }& p+ aa. 字体: Aria narrow.8 H; Y2 E, _/ c
字体大小: title 32, subtitle 28 etc., not smaller than 186 B" v4 X2 [4 p
b.深色底色加上浅色(比如白&黄色)的字# k( b B7 O& P& t+ q: p. T
c. 不要过分展示别人的结果,专注于讲自己的故事。) L7 x6 N& }4 z m
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(5)画图
% k4 X+ o! g: w) Z3 ^因为图片在报告的重要性,PPT 中的每一张图都要重新画过,推荐用 png 格式。我用 AI 将 pdf 转成 png 格式,同时要注意分辨率,字体大小的问题。下面链接是个很详细的说明:# O, v( a( t. K( G, M S8 Y$ P( Z
www.52ocean.cn
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' f( M" _" N8 N/ k8 y; y$ @Ref:www.52ocean.cn. m) a/ s, p0 Z1 [8 M4 U" u" j9 ]
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