正参考的20分钟科学报告提纲：
6 f" F; F) w. A1 L: ] 1. Title/author/affiliation (1 slide)4 C& Y0 k1 a7 N! M, d" m( M
2. Forecast (1 slide)： Give gist of problem attacked and insight found (What is the one idea you want people to leave with? This is the "abstract" of an oral presentation.)' V/ K. c# B% r' t3 M$ Y Z
3. Outline (1 slide)： Give talk structure. Some speakers prefer to put this at the bottom of their title slide. (Audiences like predictability.)
/ I% O. u% H: k9 @0 {# R 4. Background
6 Z& ]; y! P& T! I8 L1 C5 S7 L 4-1. Motivation and Problem Statement (1-2 slides)：(Why should anyone care? Most researchers overestimate how much the audience knows about the problem they are attacking.)
! ~# A+ ]: [$ A2 I N 4-2. Related Work (0-1 slides)： Cover superficially or omit; refer people to your paper.
& P6 g; [- k& o5 B0 E 4-3. Methods (1 slide)： Cover quickly in short talks; refer people to your paper.! y7 Q1 O( h9 d; ?
5. Results (4-6 slides)： Present key results and key insights. This is main body of the talk. Its internal structure varies greatly as a function of the researcher's contribution. (Do not superficially cover all results; cover key result well. Do not just present numbers; interpret them to give insights. Do not put up large tables of numbers.)
% [% O( o1 e, x 6. Summary (1 slide)
" P) ?4 d6 J7 a; \$ L; K6 w 7. Future Work (0-1 slides)：Optionally give problems this research opens up.2 h3 m+ a3 b) n" s. n+ ?5 e, o
8. Backup Slides (0-3 slides): Optionally have a few slides ready (not counted in your talk total) to answer expected questions. (Likely question areas: ideas glossed over, shortcomings of methods or results, and future work.)
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简洁版： 1. Title/author/affiliation (1 slide)6 u* o* H- b1 Y
2. Motivation (1 slide)+ d$ [: K/ i9 a4 D5 L- Z" V
3. Background (1 slide)
2 V$ o3 C# m# b" e, ~; C6 o" B 4. Hypothesis (1 slide)
( G# [. p( B" ~2 f8 K# u4 ^ 5. Results (8 slides)
. c* f9 K. p6 T/ O( R 6. Conclusion (1 slide)" O5 X" t" u9 s+ ?, ?9 I
7. Future Work (1 slide); E! Q6 r2 s2 k5 O( @, g( r3 t5 x
8. Acknowledgements (1slide)
/ ]# L2 O) c+ q7 o" e, x% f2 l' W 9. Backup Slides
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举个例子：
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, M! U9 L& m( U- M) B$ b' b（1）原则( G u1 \$ Q8 t
首先，引用 A PhD is not enough 中的话：
+ `7 U1 X% i! R: ^! @; pAs the speaker you are putting on a one-man show. Your listeners are investigating an hour of their valuable time... They expect to hear a good story, with a beginning, a middle and an end...
4 x2 L, ]4 Z& f& o" O... Never over-estimate your audience...
7 Z" m& c4 U! }% P' [ d9 U是的，要讲一个“故事”，因为大家都喜欢听故事，无厘头在这里就不靠谱了。而且要尽量讲得简单易懂，化繁为简，林老师也说“如果学术报告能够让老妈也能听懂，就是成功”（据说是 Don Forsyth 的名言）。3 G2 d* s+ d: {( @/ g
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（2）结构. ?$ K C# X' _ H' O& u
我之前分享了一份20分钟科学演讲的提纲：
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以“讲故事”为目标，修改后的最终版本PPT的结构变成了：9 u# r9 D) M' ? o7 s* x" Z# Q
1. Title/author/affiliation (1 slide)/ `$ I! \4 I/ h r
2. Motivation (1 slide)
: D( n( @, }% t1 o K/ a3 G3 B 3. Background (1 slide)
. y; [1 b* w' h+ g* C& a 4. Hypothesis (1 slide)6 a5 D. f- h5 I0 B5 {! K; w
5. Results (8 slides): a5 D" L: I9 m( d. T- v
6. Conclusion (1 slide)
6 {4 w5 \8 y4 o' f. [+ }8 Z 7. Future Work (1 slide). t5 d1 x& y* G9 X& B1 O# r
8. Acknowledgements (1slide)0 k& l% \& R: a) H$ [
9. Backup Slides7 F1 {; p" Z4 w' A- v
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几点我觉得比较重要的改变包括：
/ T. [" y% _& o! _ ^4 T6 La. 删除 Forcast & Outline，这是为了更快的进入“故事”；其实所有与故事无关的都应当删去。
$ |' G2 `! m* N o# H7 Q8 a1 ]9 v. Kb. 缩减 Background，删减后的这个部分只有一张slide，只包括“故事”中必须要用到的概念。" t( z2 J5 K& S% \& E: P8 P; Z3 x: F
c. 增加 Hypothesis，这个部分有点像文章的 Introduction，与最后的Conclusion对应，介绍这个研究的科学问题。" ~7 ?% k4 `! N' D$ X% u
d. 加大 Results 的份额，这个就不用多说了吧。“讲故事”就在这里。当然了，我发现真正在准备的时候还是很费时的，因为要注意顺序问题，怎样能一张一张有逻辑的将故事说圆了，让大家都没有疑惑。
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（3）讲故事# b3 D* h2 ~( u, g
也就是 Results 部分，也是报告真正的核心内容。与写文章不同的是，因为时间限制，细节问题不需要讨论；这样才能将重要的内容凸显出来。图多字少不用公式也是给短报告的一个原则。
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（4）风格
" b: ^5 m! H7 m; r' u我的第一个版本的每一张 Slide 都包括了进度条和姓名时间，后来在林老师的建议下删掉了。这是因为要“努力使听众集中注意力听故事”。. v t' A0 s; Q
同样，制作 PPT 还有很多细节问题，有些关乎个人风格。目标当然是要显得“Professional”了。下面是林老师在帮我修改 PPT 时的一些建议，在这里与大家分享一下：
( o* G7 g: l, J8 R& T# n+ `4 `6 ta. 字体: Aria narrow.
) P. Z, B b- D+ m7 W* \( K6 Y$ R( [ 字体大小: title 32, subtitle 28 etc., not smaller than 18
5 _6 F5 ~% ~& m! ab.深色底色加上浅色（比如白&黄色）的字# B5 ~. [2 d. j" T, u( `. p: \
c. 不要过分展示别人的结果，专注于讲自己的故事。* c/ F8 I: v1 h- \
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（5）画图- R8 A3 o) w; K* A* [$ E
因为图片在报告的重要性，PPT 中的每一张图都要重新画过，推荐用 png 格式。我用 AI 将 pdf 转成 png 格式，同时要注意分辨率，字体大小的问题。下面链接是个很详细的说明：0 |5 f0 R- _, O" \) m% E9 g
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